Category: Recovered Articles

  • Can misuse of 498A be prevented?

    Can misuse of 498A be prevented?

    On the 27th of July 2017, the Supreme Court of India issued a series of guidelines to curb the misuse of the draconian IPC 498A. This law, easily the most misused law in India, is meant to provide criminal relief against the physical and mental abuse caused to women by their husbands and in-laws. However, this law has turned into a weapon used by unscrupulous wives to falsely implicate their husbands and relatives in order to exert pressure on them to settle for a quick divorce and a fat alimony package.

    In spite of the severe public demand, and irrefutable data, the Government of India, over the past 20 years has not taken a single legislative remedial measure. Hence the burden of reducing the misuse of this law has fallen on the Courts of this country.

    In Civil appeal No. 4399 of 2005, the Supreme Court of India said the following about IPC 498A-

    “As noted above the object is to strike at the roots of dowry menace. But by misuse of the provision a new LEGAL TERRORISM can be unleashed. The provision is intended to be used a shield and not an assassin’s weapon”

    For the first time, the Courts started taking cognizance of the fact that a law drafted with the intention of protecting women from abuse was being misused for ulterior gains.

    In the year 2010, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued an advisory to all States to take measures to reduce the misuse of this law. The ministry again repeated its advisory to all the States in the year 2012.

    In the year 2014, the Supreme Court of India, in Arnesh Kumar vs State Of Bihar & Anr, ended up creating a case law and stopped the right of Police to automatically and indiscreetly arrest those accused under 498A.

    To further prevent misuse of this law, the Supreme Court once again, in July 2017, issued further guidelines on the procedure to handle any 498A case. It ordered the setup of Family Welfare Committees in every district that will look into each complaint of 498A and issue directions and advise police on next steps.

    With each one of the above measures, one should remember that the goal has ONLY been to prevent misuse of the law, especially the provision to arrest the husband and his family members right at the onset of the complaint. None of the measures have eroded the possibility of justice in case of genuine abuse. Nor has there been any change in the penalty or punishment to those genuinely guilty.

    Most of the families who undergo arrest even for a single day end up wanting to settle the cases as soon as possible. This arm twists them into accepting the demands, however unjustified, of the wife and her family, which almost always is around divorce, huge alimony and maintenance and in many cases handing over of the family property. In almost every case of misuse, the intention is to break the will of the husband and his family and force them to accept a settlement on terms placed by the (former) wife. Therefore, for those who misuse the law, it is of utmost importance that there be immediate arrest of the accused.

    If there is no arrest prior to chargesheet and/or conviction, false cases will fail during the trial. This means the husband and his family will never be arrested and therefore the chances of them accepting the demands are miniscule. In summary, the main “attraction” of 498A is its ability to get the opposite party arrested even before any semblance of a trial and/or conviction has occurred.

    With the new guidelines and consequent difficulty around arrest, interest in misusing this law should naturally decline. In the remainder of this write-up, we look at some numbers from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) to confirm if the numbers support the theory that 498A is waning in its attraction as a tool for misuse.

    Statistical analysis of 498A

    Every year, a huge number of cases are registered under IPC 498A. In terms of total number of cases registered, it is the 6th biggest crime in India, as seen from the below table.

    Note: Table only lists those crime categories where the total number of cases registered are in multiple tens-of-thousands.

    All India – Cases – Major Crimes – 2015
    Nature of Crime Total Number of Cases
    Theft 467833
    Rash Driving/Road Rage 451069
    Death by Negligence 134384
    Cheating 115405
    Criminal Tresspass & Burglary 114123
    Cruelty by Husband & Relatives 113403
    Grievous Hurt 92996
    Kidnapping & Abduction 82999
    Assault on women 82422
    Riots 65255
    Robbery 36188
    Rape 34651
    Murder 32127

    In fact, one can notice from the above table that if one were to consider only those categories where a deliberate intent to commit crime is involved (leaving out rash driving and death by negligence), 498A crimes are the 4th largest in terms of number of cases registered.

    Over the past 15 years, the total number of cases under IPC 498A have seen a continuous upward trend and have increased by more than 100% from 2001 to 2015. The below table shows the actual number of cases registered from 2001 to 2015.

    All India – Cases – Cruelty by husband and family members for crimes against women
    Year Cases Registered
    2001 49170
    2002 49237
    2003 50703
    2004 58121
    2005 58319
    2006 63128
    2007 75930
    2008 81344
    2009 89546
    2010 94041
    2011 99135
    2012 106527
    2013 118866
    2014 122877
    2015 113403

    We can observe from the above table that, for the first time in 2015, the total number of cases registered has shown a downward trend. This can directly be attributed to the strict guidelines issued by the Supreme Court of India in the year 2014. One may argue that the decline shown is for only one year and therefore it is inappropriate to conclude that it is related to the guidelines related to “no-automatic arrests”.

    When we analyze the numbers for total cases registered over the years for various states, we see that two States – Karnataka and Kerala – have shown a downward trend in number of cases registered from 2012 onwards itself.

    The data for Karnataka is captured in the below table.

    Karnataka – Cases – Cruelty by husband and family members for crimes against women
    Year Cases Registered
    2001 1735
    2002 1826
    2003 1704
    2004 1588
    2005 1883
    2006 2129
    2007 2507
    2008 2638
    2009 3185
    2010 3441
    2011 3712
    2012 3684
    2013 3276
    2014 3025
    2015 2732

    Similarly, the number of cases in Kerala have also declined since 2012, as shown below.

    Kerala – Cases – Cruelty by husband and family members for crimes against women
    Year Cases Registered
    2001 2561
    2002 2836
    2003 2930
    2004 3222
    2005 3283
    2006 3708
    2007 3999
    2008 4138
    2009 4007
    2010 4797
    2011 5377
    2012 5216
    2013 4820
    2014 4919
    2015 3668

    Some very interesting details emerge when we try to analyze the reasons behind the decline starting in 2012 for these two states.

    As mentioned in the beginning of the article, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a circular in 2010 and in 2012 to all the States to take steps to prevent misuse of 498A. As a response to this many states issued directions to their police to take precautions while handling these cases. For example, guidelines were issued by the DGPs (and other relevant authorities) of Delhi, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh and others. However, almost all the directions were precautionary in nature and centered around thorough investigation, need for counseling, etc.

    However, the DGPs of Karnataka and Kerala, in 2010-11 and 2012 respectively, issued detailed directions that involved one crucial, and additional step, before arresting anyone under 498A. In both these states, the investigating officer had to obtain the consent of the DCP prior to arresting anyone. This introduced a crucial senior review process in deciding arrest. Clearly, with an additional, superior, authority reviewing the case, the scope for misuse reduced. The reduction in the registration of cases under 498A in these two states can be directly attributed to this tightening measure.

    Therefore, it is quite clear that the drop in 498A cases registration is clearly linked with its utility in immediate arrest coming down, due to the guidelines by the SC and the Police departments.

    Misuse and Conviction Rates

    If misuse of 498A comes down, it naturally means that the total number of cases that needs to be investigated by the Police comes down. This also means that the percentage of genuine cases go up and also that the bandwidth available to the Police for investigating the genuine cases increases. This highlights the important issue associated with misuse of current law which denies justice to actual victims.

    The NCRB website provides detailed statistics on the total number of persons arrested and the number of persons convicted under any crime. For the years 2010-2015, at the all-India level, the following is the conviction rate for crimes under 498A.

    All India – Persons Arrested – Cruelty by husband and family members for crimes against women
    Year Persons Arrested Persons Convicted Conviction Rate (%)
    2010 180413 23837 13.21
    2011 180701 21662 11.98
    2012 197762 16402 8.29
    2013 222091 17542 7.89
    2014 225648 16360 7.25
    2015 187067 16857 9.01

    The conviction rate, for the past several years, has been in single digits, which is yet another pointer to the high percentage of false cases registered under this category.

    For comparison purposes, let us look at the conviction rates under the 13 crime categories that we looked at in the beginning of this article (which showed the total number of cases registered)

    All India – Crimes – 2015 – Persons Arrested and Convicted (Arranged in decreasing order of conviction rate)
    Nature of Crime Persons Arrested Persons Convicted Conviction Rate (%)
    Rash Driving/Road Rage 426435 245935 57.67
    Cheating 146236 39378 26.92
    Murder 62159 16081 25.87
    Tresspass & Burglary 79379 15461 19.47
    Theft 222556 40916 18.38
    Rape 42036 7185 17.09
    Death by Negligence 116759 19048 16.31
    Robbery 46899 7317 15.60
    Riots 294289 34300 11.65
    Assault on women 101571 11342 11.16
    Kidnapping & Abduction 73557 7285 9.90
    Grievous Hurt 112916 10975 9.71
    Cruelty by Husband & Rels 187067 16857 9.01

    We can see that crimes under 498A have the lowest conviction rate of any (significant) IPC crime!!! Not to forget that the criminal is known in this case and put behind bars at the onset of the case.

    In the year 2015, after the total number of cases declined for the first time, we notice that the conviction rate under this crime went up from 7.25% to 9.01%. This could be an indicator that reduction in the number of false cases provides an opportunity for Police to perform better investigations in genuine cases. To confirm this, we can look at the conviction rates between 2010-2015 for Karnataka and Kerala since these 2 states have shown a decline in false cases for a longer period.

    Below table shows the conviction rate for Karnataka.

    Karnataka – Persons Arrested – Cruelty by husband and family members for crimes against women
    Year Persons Arrested Persons Convicted Conviction Rate (%)
    2010 6515 183 2.80
    2011 6801 157 2.30
    2012 6317 174 2.75
    2013 5771 179 3.10
    2014 5523 276 4.99
    2015 4770 91 1.90

    Similarly, the table below shows the conviction rate for Kerala.

    Kerala – Persons Arrested – Cruelty by husband and family members for crimes against women
    Year Persons Arrested Persons Convicted Conviction Rate (%)
    2010 7522 222 2.95
    2011 7305 313 4.28
    2012 6923 254 3.66
    2013 6330 268 4.23
    2014 6818 165 2.42
    2015 4998 185 3.70

    We can notice from the above 2 tables that, apart from a blip in Karnataka in 2015, the numbers always show that a dip in false cases, and consequent reduction in arrests, leads to an increase in conviction rate! Therefore, any step, such as the guidelines issued by the Supreme Court, to reduce false cases can only benefit those who are genuine victims of domestic violence and need protection and relief from this law.

    Disparity in State wise numbers

    When it comes to total number of cases registered on a state wise basis, we find that there is a huge disparity in terms of the percentage of cases registered as measured against the percentage of population of the state. The below table shows a list of the states that contribute the maximum number of cases related to 498A.

    All India – States with maximum cases registered – 2015 (Total cases – 113403)
    State Cases Registered Percentage of Total Cases Population %age – 2011 Census
    West Bengal 20163 17.77 7.55
    Rajasthan 14383 12.68 5.67
    Assam 11225 9.89 2.58
    Uttar Pradesh 8660 7.63 16.49
    Maharashtra 7640 6.73 9.28
    Telengana 7329 6.46 2.97
    Andhra Pradesh 6121 5.39 4.08
    Madhya Pradesh 5281 4.65 6.00
    Gujarat 4133 3.64 5.00
    Bihar 3792 3.34 8.58
    Kerala 3668 3.23 2.76
    Odisha 3605 3.17 3.47
    Haryana 3525 3.10 2.09
    Delhi 3521 3.10 1.38
    Karnataka 2732 2.40 5.05
    Tamil Nadu 1900 1.67 5.96

    It is startling to see that just 3 states – West Bengal, Rajasthan and Assam – contribute more than 40% of the total cases registered in the country in 2015 even though their share in India’s population is just 15% as per Census 2011. The trend is similar in the immediate preceding few years.

    Although, one can argue that these states are different in how police functions and it is easier to report cases. But using NCRB data we do not find that other crimes are also reported more in these states. So, it cannot be efficiency of police force leading to higher reporting of cases. Another possible reason could be that women are treated differently in the public sphere in these states and they can easily report the crimes to police without any stigma. So, high per capita cases case of West Bengal and Assam actually highlights some kind of women empowerment. But this myth is busted when we look at the next table, which presents conviction rate.

    The table below shows the total number of persons arrested in the year 2015 and the total number of persons convicted. Of course, the persons convicted most often corresponds to cases registered in previous years but a review of the NCRB data shows a uniform proportion of these numbers in the preceding years. Hence this is a valid comparison.

    All India – States – Ratio of persons arrested to persons convicted – 2015
    State Persons Arrested Persons Convicted %age of PC/PA
    West Bengal 22508 244 1.08
    Rajasthan 9590 2341 24.41
    Assam 10404 263 2.53
    Uttar Pradesh 41802 6708 16.04
    Maharashtra 20129 762 3.78
    Telengana 10082 426 4.22
    Andhra Pradesh 8984 756 8.41
    Madhya Pradesh 13317 2270 17.04
    Gujarat 12982 120 0.9
    Bihar 5396 143 2.65
    Kerala 4998 185 3.70
    Odisha 5051 171 3.38
    Haryana 3628 239 6.58
    Delhi 1266 144 11.37
    Karnataka 4770 91 1.9
    Tamil Nadu 3634 368 10.12

    It is once again surprising to see that the 2 of the 3 states that contribute most of the cases (West Bengal and Assam) have the most dismal conviction rate amongst all states. If social stigma was the driving force, we would not see such big disparity in conviction rates across states. This clearly shows a high level of misuse of the law associated with failure at proving conviction. Above table also highlights in red a few other states where conviction rate is far below national average of 9% indicating the law being misused more often than not.

    Conclusion

    The Government of India, considering these factors, should take further steps to dissuade misuse of this law. Introduction of criminal action against those found misusing this law can be the next big reform to totally weed out misuse. This will further reduce the workload of our investigating and judicial authorities and will also lead to faster conclusion of the genuine cases. Shorter trial periods will feed back into the loop leading to more and more genuinely affected women approaching the justice system, thereby serving the purpose which the original makers of the law intended.

    The Government should also perform a thorough analysis of the data collected to determine state-wise (local) reasons that could show a more prevalent case of domestic abuse of women. Since law and order is a state subject, making necessary laws specific to those states, while removing a common special law for the entire country could be a welcome move to curb misuse and at the same time increase effectiveness.

    Note: The author tweets at @Hariprasad.

    Image Source: http://www.section498.com/article/a-look-at-how-the-dowry-law-is-being-highly-abused/

  • Divorce rate higher for Muslims than Hindus – Census 2011

    Divorce rate higher for Muslims than Hindus – Census 2011

    Today noted Bollywood lyricist Javed Akhtar in a tweet claimed that as per Census 2011, the divorce rate amongst Hindus was 0.76% and that of Muslims was only 0.53%.

    A little search on Google reveals that the All India Muslim Personal Law Board is also making similar claims about divorce rates being lower than Hindus, especially in the context of the Triple Talaq matter being heard in the Supreme Court.

    The National Herald website is also doing its bit to peddle this claim further. It says divorce rates amongst Hindus is 0.76% while the same for Muslims is 0.56%.

    Secular newspapers such as Times Of India and The Hindu have also added their bit to this issue.

    Now, let us look at the reality.

    Source: Census 2011 – C-3 Marital Status By Religious Community And Sex – 2011

    Table 1: Data for Total Population
    Marital Status | Total Persons | Males | Females
    Total | 1210854977 | 623270258 | 587584719
    Never married | 570833969 | 322870527 | 247963442
    Excluding never married | 640021008 | 300399731 | 339621277
    Divorced | 1362316 | 452743 | 909573
    Divorced + Separated | 4897518 | 1615191 | 3282327
    Divorce ratio | 0.002128549 | 0.001507135 | 0.002678198
    Divorced + Separated ratio | 0.007652121 | 0.005376806 | 0.009664668
    Percentage Divorced | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.26
    Percentage D + S | 0.76 | 0.53 | 0.96

    Table 2: Data for Hindus
    Marital Status | Hindu Total | Hindu Males | Hindu Females
    Total | 966257353 | 498306968 | 467950385
    Never married | 444973597 | 253100795 | 191872802
    Excluding never married | 521283756 | 245206173 | 276077583
    Divorced | 962810 | 344281 | 618529
    Divorced + Separated | 3833495 | 1310576 | 2522919
    Divorce ratio | 0.001846998 | 0.001404047 | 0.002240417
    Divorced + Separated ratio | 0.007353951 | 0.005344792 | 0.009138442
    Percentage Divorced | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.22
    Percentage D + S | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.91

    Table 3: Data for Muslims
    Marital Status | Muslim Total | Muslim Males | Muslim Females
    Total | 172245158 | 88273945 | 83971213
    Never married | 92081730 | 50970832 | 41110898
    Excluding never married | 80163428 | 37303113 | 42860315
    Divorced | 269609 | 57535 | 212074
    Divorced + Separated | 654347 | 154655 | 499692
    Divorce ratio | 0.003363242 | 0.001542365 | 0.004948027
    Divorced + Separated ratio | 0.008162662 | 0.004145901 | 0.011658617
    Percentage Divorced | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.49
    Percentage D + S | 0.82 | 0.41 | 1.2

    Comparison table:
    Status | Total H | Total M | Females H | Females M
    Separated | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.69 | 0.67
    Divorced | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.49
    D+S | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 1.17

    Observations:

    The percentage of divorced amongst Hindus is 0.18 while it is 0.33 for Muslims.

    Percentage of divorced + separated amongst Hindus is 0.73 while it is 0.81 for Muslims.

    The divorced and separated percentages are extremely high for Muslim women, with the latter crossing the 1 percentage mark.

    If you look at only the divorce rate then it is more than double among Muslims as compared to Hindus.

    Conclusions:

    Mainstream media, once again, has picked up random numbers and stitched together a narrative.

    Some of the other numbers quoted in the above referenced articles are all based on random surveys done in a few select districts.

    The problem of divorce is much more amongst Muslims than Hindus. It is especially so amongst Muslim women.

    Note: The author tweets @pranasutra

    Image Source: http://www.factriver.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talaq-divorce2.jpg

  • In Defense of Arranged Marriage

    In Defense of Arranged Marriage

    The purpose of marriage is children. I know I link to Darwin Reactionary a lot, but fact is he addresses the idea in such detail it is hard not to reference him. But perhaps there is no need to go into utilitarianism, let us discuss the story of Swetaketu instead.

    The rishi sees another brahmaNa catch his mothers hand and pull her away. Infuriated he is about to berate the interloper, when his father Uddalaka stops him and says that it is an acceptable practice that men and women can take any partner they desire. The rishi cannot tolerate this, and thus he lays the cornerstone of civilization – the institution of marriage.

    It is important to note that in the story, it is not the mother or the father who are invested in the marriage it is the child Swetaketu. It is he who desires a union for his parents, while they are simply not bothered by it. It is also interesting to note that while this could have been his father who was straying and his mother admonishing him, the reverse is true. This is perhaps because the mother is extremely important to the child’s development. In jyotishashastra the moon represents both the mother of the native as well as the mind, but this tidbit is only of auxillary value. The mAnava dharma shAstra itself gives us a clue as to the importance of the mother.

    MDS 2.145. The teacher is ten times more venerable than a sub-teacher, the father a hundred times more than the teacher, but the mother a thousand times more than the father.

    Thus we see that out of all the parties involved the most affected is the child, and that marriage itself was instantiated not for the father who may benefit greatly from a wife who honours him, nor the mother who benefits greatly from being revered in the household which could not happen if any man could enjoy her without restraint, but it is the child who benefits from the stable union of father and mother in the holy union of marriage. There is a huge amount of literature on the superiority of married biological parents raising a child versus any other form even that of biological parents cohabiting.

    So now we know, marriage is good and it protects everyone involved but it protects children even more we should ideally discuss who marries and how they decide. If marriage is truly about offspring then the decision to marry must be based keeping this in mind. Marriage cannot be a decision based on feelings such as love, because such lust is ephemeral and it leads to a slippery slope. If one can simply choose one’s partner, then what stops one from divorcing the first wife once the lust wears off? Is this fair to the child? Is this fair to the wife? Is it fair to the husband? Tacitus writes on how the Germanic tribes viewed marriage and the structure of it is echoed in how Indians view marriage, or perhaps it is best I say viewed.

    Love marriages thus are a dicey situation. Will a decision taken on the basis of fleeting feelings weather difficult situations? The American Psychological Association makes the claim that this is not so. A significant percentage of marriages are ending in divorce estimated as high as 50%. Marriage in the UK has crashed to an all time low, and people are getting married later and later which affects the quality of the progeny. The idea of marriage based on love thus is not fulfilling the purpose of marriage, love marriages are for the most part, a farce.

    Now we know that the Germanic tribes seemed to “arrange” marriage in some sense and we know that in India this has always been the case. But did this exist elsewhere? Apostolou has a number of interesting papers which discuss this. He argues that marriages have always been arranged and this is why risk taking behavior in men is valued, not because women are impressed by risk taking behavior but because other men are. Let us not dive into quasi-Freudian psychobabble about latent homosexuality, he clarifies that men are signalling to fathers of women they desire. The fathers are the ones who restrict mating rights to their daughters, and they value traits in men such as industriousness and character thus selecting for such things in the population.

    Apostolou describes multiple ways in which this was done in the past, both through psychological manipulation as well as through physical force but the outcomes regardless was that sons and daughters married on the behest of their parents. The parents chose mates for them and this has been extrapolated both in agricultural societies as well as early hunter gatherer ones.

    Think about this for a minute. This means that humans have evolved to have their parents choose their partners for them. They are completely ill-equipped to select a mate. Are divorce rates and marriage rates in the West a surprise?

    Here are another couple studies cited in the same paper.

    Farthing concluded that certain aspects of male risk-taking behaviors are directed towards other men rather than women. And men are responsive to such behaviors: Kelly and Dunbar found that men prefer to form friendships with risk-prone, brave men. It is no surprise then that men make riskier decisions while driving when they have male passengers than when they have female ones. Additionally, Fischer and Rodriguez Mosquera in a meta-analysis study concluded that men evoke anger and aggression not because they want to attract the attention of women, but because they are afraid of losing status and respect in the eyes of other men.

    Why are men so concerned with acquiring wealth, signalling risk taking ability and out-competing every other man in their field? Instead of signalling their prowess to other men, if they wanted to reproduce they should be signalling to women. Might it be because signalling wealth to older men, make them valuable son-in-laws in their eyes ultimately giving them a wife.

    Now let’s remove this model of mate selection and let’s ask men to choose their own wives. Given how ingrained this system of men acquiring traits and behaviours which signal value to men, they will simply not be able to change strategies and signal now to women. They are already starting out at a disadvantage. On the other hand, men who were unconcerned with becoming industrious but were able to signal to women their mating ability, colloquially “players”, will be the ones who succeed in mating often to the detriment of the women involved. Without arranged marriage, it looks like we hit the prisoner’s dilemma Nash equilibrium. Everyone is worse off.

    These make a strong case for the continuation of the arranged marriage system put in place by our pitRs. Apostolou also describes how this may not be possible in post-industrial societies, but that simply means we have to be stricter about organizing Hindu society. The Japanese have industrialized but are nowhere near as degenerate as the West. No systems are foolproof, nor do they work effectively 100% of the time. There are always leakages, and there will always be failures. However, perhaps looking at maximizing the quantity of beneficial outcomes is a better way to go about organizing society than maximizing entropy in a way that benefits a few lucky elite.

    The author tweets @PaganTrad. The article was first published here.

  • Nirbhaya aftermath

    Nirbhaya aftermath

    On 16 December 2012, a 23 year old female physiotherapy intern was brutally gang raped, beaten and tortured in a private bus in metropolitan city, national capital Delhi. Due to some legal reasons initially her name was kept as “Nirbhaya” which means “fearless” but later on her own parents declared her original name as “Jyoti Singh”. A male friend of Jyoti named Awindra Pratap Pandey was with her at the time of crime. Awindra was badly beaten up and thrown out of the bus by the culprits.

    There were total 6 accused who committed heinous crime. Conviction charges on them are of Rape, Murder, Kidnapping, Robbery and Assaults. One of the convict, Ram Singh, a driver died in trial period while others including Mukesh Singh, Vinay Sharma, Pawan Gupta and Akshay Thakur were awarded death sentence by a trial court in September 2013 and six months later high court upheld conviction and sentence. All four approached Supreme Court, which stayed their execution in 2014. Juvenile defendant Md. Afroz was released on 20 December 2016. Parents of Nirbhaya are still struggling and regularly attending court proceedings for justice.

    Both nationally and internationally this incident generated a widespread coverage, outrage, anger among masses and was widely condemned by Indians. But funnily enough India was still given the title of “Rape capital of the world” even though it has much less crimes against women. And how did that happen? Through the western propaganda system.

    India’s Daughter, a documentary inspired by Nirbhaya was directed by Leslee Udwin as a part of BBC’s ongoing Storyville series and broadcasted in UK on 4 March 2015. While Indian film-makers would have had major difficulty in meeting the accused, Udwin got uninterrupted access to the criminals in Tihar Jail. And she did what western propagandists do best- distort the statements of criminals and use them to paint the whole Indian society as evil. The protests on India gate or high rape rates in west got no mention. Another major work in similar pattern was by Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta film titled Anatomy of Violence.

    But leaving the propaganda aside, how much attention has been paid to the developments post this crime. In the aftermath of this incident, Nirbhaya Trust was made to give assistance to women who have experienced violence to find legal assistance. Government of India setup Nirbhaya Fund to address violence against women and fund is governed by Department of Economic Affairs of the Finance Ministry. However, as of March 2015, a very little fund has been spent on women’s safety. But at present, how many of us know about the laws changed post this incident?

    As a result of the protests in December 2012, a judicial committee was set up to amend laws in order to provide faster and quicker investigations and prosecution of sex offenders as suggested by public. After considering nearly 80,000 suggestions the committee came up with a conclusion that root cause behind the crime against women is the government and the police. A few amendments made in Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2013 are inclusion of new offenses like acid attack, stalking, sexual harassment and voyeurism. The enforcement of law is the biggest problem for both the rural and urban areas in India. But those who directed the media backlash against whole India hardly care to point about the developments since then.

    Some results so far:

    Government of Karnataka announced a 24/7 helpline number 1091 to be operated by state police to register sexual abuse complaints from women.

    Government of Tamil Nadu announced a 13-point action plan to ensure safety of women in Tamil Nadu and probes to be instructed to top police officials.

    Government of Jammu and Kashmir announced plan to change state laws against sexual and gender crimes.

    Government of Himachal Pradesh announced to setup state and district level committees to keep an eye on progress of all crime cases against women.

    On 22 December 2015, Rajya Sabha passed the Juvenile Justice Bill which proposed that accused above 16 years of age will be treated as an adult in court.

    On 9 September 2016, a new initiative of five all-women PCR vans launched in Delhi.

    These are just some examples. Recently on 30 August 2016, Minister of Home Affairs Sri Rajnath Singh released annual report of “Crime in India” 2015 which shows a decrease of 3.1% under crime against women from 3,37,922 cases in 2014 to 3,27,394 cases in 2015.

    As per National Crime Records Bureau, total 34,651 rape cases were reported in India in 2015. Out of which in 33,098 cases the offenders were known to the victim. Madhya Pradesh reported 4,391 rape cases while Delhi witnessed 2,199. But there are also chances of cases which are not reported to Police in sake of family dignity, respect and women reputation or image. In Kerala, 910 rape cases were reported in first six months of 2016. The number of rape cases reported in the previous year was 1263.

    So, the question is to the media, why they do not highlight the new developments and commitment of Indian society towards addressing such crimes. Making people aware about the laws will go a long way in helping women against predation. But this is something which is disregarded and we decided to test the effectiveness of new laws by talking to some young people.

    To do this we interviewed few female as well as male students age group of 20 to 22 year about the incident of December 2012, to understand about their views and sensitivity. First person whom we talked with, Shikha Yadav, a student of 22year old had no knowledge of amendments made in existing laws. She came to Delhi in 2016. Another girl, Anamika a student of Delhi University came to Delhi in year 2013. Her reaction to the incident of gang rape in 2016 is described by her as huge sadness loaded with a deepest fear. The reactions of boys were totally different from those of girls. According to Mayank Bharadwaj a student of engineering, girls should become self-sufficient in order to fight against any sort of mis-happenings. He says that government should morally educate people and also appoint more number of judges to take care of increasing number of cases. Another student, Arun Rai knew about the law protecting women from domestic violence. He thinks hard punishment should be served only after convict is proven guilty as many girls misuse rape charges for personal grudges. Both Mayank and Arun agree on a common note that there are no laws against false rape cases which seriously need to be checked. One of the common reactions of all the participants was that they all had deep sense of fear accompanied by a lot of anger and emotions in their mind. We also came across the false rape cases and it seems there should be proper regulating and monitoring body to deal with both actual and fake rape cases.

    To summarize, the new laws seemed to have added some teeth to existing laws but they seem to generate different reactions in men and women. The prevalence of large number of fake rape cases has created fear among men. So, the problem which still seems to be gripping such issues is the delivery of justice in such cases. While new laws look good on paper, but unless there is increase in the number of judges to deliver fast justice in such cases, it will only create problems and the way two sexes look at the problem. The support of Indian public in fighting such problems was amply displayed during the protests, but what is needed now is swift justice delivery aside from removing stigma from such cases.

    Recently, Women and Child development minister Maneka Gandhi said “India ranked among the lowest four countries in the world in terms of rape cases”. This puts light on the fact that there is a zero level of tolerance towards rape cases in India and as result more cases are reported in comparison to other countries. However, we need effective implementation of strong measures that were proposed immediately after Nirbhaya case. The emphasis should be on providing speedy justice and compensation to victims as well as to prevent fake cases. It’s time to accept changes, remove ignorance, change perceptions and spread awareness.

    References:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Delhi_gang_rape
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Law_(Amendment)_Act,_2013
    http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=149357
    http://www.ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2015/FILES/Compendium-15.11.16.pdf
    http://www.firstpost.com/india/910-rape-cases-reported-in-kerala-in-six-months-in-2016-state-police-3080780.html
    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-ranks-among-lowest-4-nations-in-rape-cases-Maneka-Gandhi/articleshow/55551811.cms

    Image Source: http://images.indianexpress.com/2015/12/nirbhaya-7592.jpg

    About Authors

    Indu Pandey has completed M.Phil. in Comparative Indian Literature from Department of Indian Languages and Literary Studies from University of Delhi. She is currently enrolled in PG Diploma in Journalism at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Delhi. Her area of interest is women studies, gender studies, film studies and new media.

    Arpita Raj has completed her graduation from Jamia Millia Islamia. Presently, she is pursuing Post Graduation Diploma in Journalism at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Delhi. Her area of interest is culture studies, media studies and theatre.

  • Abortion and Pre-Marital Sex is a lose-lose proposition for everyone

    Abortion and Pre-Marital Sex is a lose-lose proposition for everyone

    The article in YP and twitter discussion on abortion led to a massive twitter outrage among the “Hindu” liberals and secular liberals alike, who want to justify murder in the name of choice for women. Somehow these people don’t seem to get that every action has its consequences and if someone eats salt, he/she has to drink water. The most common retort or justification from the liberals, who want to justify murder of babies, is that babies will not be taken care of if they are allowed to be born in an unplanned way. But what they seem to miss is that this was precisely why the ancient cultures put a heavy price on such pregnancies in the form of marriage, often at gun point. People were not supposed to be having unprotected sex resulting in pregnancies in the first place. Justifying murder of few week old foetuses in the name of “unplanned”, “economic”, “muh choice” etc is no different than justifying murder of infants for the same reason. After all an infant, which is less than one year old is as dependant on the mother and society as the foetus is on the mother which some disgusting subhuman animals masquerading as liberals like to call it- “a parasite”. But nobody justifies killing infants who cannot be taken care of by their parents. The same people, ‘which’ justify abortion under the pretext of not being able to take care of their foetus would still think it is murder to kill infants under the pretext of not being able to take care of them, unless they are complete psychopaths.
    a1
    Sample of subhumans

    There is nothing Hindu about “Muh Choice” abortion:

    Some pro-abortionists, who call themselves as Hindu “feminists”, claim that Hinduism is liberal and that anything can be done and still be consistent with Hindu morality. However, this notion that Hinduism is liberal and allows whatever one wants to do is a bastardisation of Hindu philosophy and theology. Hinduism allows “exploration” of various philosophies and questioning of various ideas. That is not the same as the bastardised version of the Hindu philosophy advocated by the animals masquerading as liberals as “anything goes”. That is one can choose the path of Sankaracharya for attaining moksha or path of Ramanujan and so on but one cannot go around killing people, who they perceive as being useless for society and claim that such psychotic killing is also the way of Hinduism and is a path for moksha. As one could see in the above example, there is a huge difference between “there are multiple paths to ultimate truth” as against “anything can be done and still be moral” philosophy.

    Unlike what the “muh choice” feminists/Hindu liberals like to portray, there is no philosophy in Hinduism which justifies abortion. In fact, all the philosophies of Hinduism say the same thing about abortion (sisu hatya) i.e. it is an unforgivable sin. Hindu Shastras forbid abortions unless the life of the mother is in danger, since in this case not killing the foetus will kill the mother. Hindu Shastras make it pretty clear that sisu hatya is equivalent to 50 murders, since the life being killed/murdered here is as innocent a life can be. The curse for Ashvathama in Mahabharata should be enough of a lesson for anyone on this issue. This is where it is important to call out the self-identified “Hindu” feminists and liberals on their nonsense. There is nothing Hindu whatsover about either them or their philosophy. They just want to justify murder in the name of a bastardised version of Hinduism and philosophy.

    Abortion in the name of rape:

    The second biggest argument from the side of psychopaths who support murder in the name of economics is that rape victims should be allowed to have abortions. But rape as the reason for abortion accounts for less than 0.1% of the total abortions carried out today. As such an exception can be made on humanitarian grounds for such conditions. However, this is not a valid argument to give to justify abortion for the other 99%. This argument is no different than saying that killing someone in self defence is valid (abortion w.r.t. rape) and so killing anybody for any reason (abortion under the pretext of “muh choice”) which is murder is also valid.

    Abortion and Premarital Sex:

    Amongst all this, the most disgusting and disturbing observation in the debate was that most of the anti-abortion rhetoric came from men and many women, even those claiming to be pro-Hindu Dharma, supported abortion. The reason for that can range from the deep desire among today’s westernised, mentally colonised modern Hindu women to have premarital sex to them having fully bought into the idea that abortion is about women’s rights. The former is indicative of how much the society has decayed today. All of them have been corrupted by brothelwood and hollywood into thinking that premarital sex is somehow good for women and is about women’s rights. This is of course patently false. When premarital sex is restricted by the society, either by law or by social convention, it doesn’t restrict the sex activities of the women alone, but it restricts men too. For example, when government bans the manufacture of tobacco, is it restricting the right of only tobacco manufacturers? Of course not. It impedes the use of tobacco by the tobacco users as well indirectly. The same is true with premarital sex restrictions.

    Premarital sex restrictions were imposed on women mostly because women bore the brunt of the responsibility if things go wrong. They were the ones who got pregnant. A man could impregnate a woman and take off to nowhere but the woman had to bear the child. So societies were far more protective of the girl child than of the boy child. This has nothing to do with misogyny or women’s rights, but rather the practical reality and biology. And restricting girls from having premarital sex also effectively restricts boys from having premarital sex, since the penalty for such activities in pre-westernised India or any other traditionalist culture for that matter was marriage, often at gun point or social outcasting.

    Also, the very notion of premarital sex is incoherent. The act of sex is associated in all archaic ethos with the act of procreation. Sex outside of marriage is purely for pleasure and is akin to mutual masturbation. Sex within the marriage is a sacred act, and one who participates in this act with his beloved, their bind sanctified by the fire of ritual is one without fault. Thus society restricted both men and women from participating in sexual union outside of marriage because of this very fact. Since it is harmful more to women as discussed above, it is imperative for the young Hindu men to take note of this and behave with the chivalry that once populated the lands of our ancestors. For men in a society set the rules while women uphold them (सा स्त्री या अनुविधायिनी।). Therefore it is important for our young men to understand the dangers of free sex hedonism and to protect their sisters and potential love interests from this danger by behaving in a dutiful manner and engaging in Dharmic conduct.

    Premarital sex is a snake oil sold as women’s rights:

    Feminists and progressives have sold this snake oil that premarital sex is a sign of women’s rebellion against patriarchy and misogyny and that it is about women’s rights to women. This has been internalised to a deep extend by the anglicised and westernised middle and upper middle class women and men to a large extent in India. But as shown in the above paragraph, it has nothing to do with women’s rights as it restricts men’s right to have sex as well indirectly. But even if one looks past the motives of feminists and progressives in this respect and see into the effect of what happened to the societies which adopted these ideas, it will be very clear that premarital sex has actually caused a lot of chaos and destruction to families around the world, in every country. In countries where premarital sex is the norm, women have actually grown lot less happier than they were in traditional homes. Studies after studies have shown that premarital sex actually makes women miserable. So neither is the premarital sex a women’s rights issue nor is premarital sex something which does positive things for women

    Pick Up Artists and MGTOWs of the west:

    The US TV operas, Hollywood films and the Brothelwood films which glorify pre-marital sex of the west do not show the result of such premarital sex to either their audience back home nor the Indians who get colonised by those ideas. West is a miserable society behind their material wealth. The number of unmarried people there is now above 50% and is only growing faster. Women are getting miserable everyday. Most of their women do want to get married but could not find good men to marry. Most of the men who would have married in the traditional societies now do not see the point of marriage. Most of them end up as single mothers, mooching off the state, which is still overwhelmingly paid for by the men there in taxes, in the name of welfare and child support or from the guys they tricked into getting pregnant and use state force to get alimony. The half intelligent women who bought the feminist Kool aid of women empowerment and sought to further their careers while screwing around with meaningless sex find themselves partner-less in their 30+ age and are forced to live with cat piss as their true companions instead of babies.

    The fact that premarital sex is the norm meant that the western men can get what most men want anyway i.e. free sex without commitment. They play platitudes to women empowerment and “you go girl” feminism since it is in their direct short term benefit of having sex without commitment. In the traditional families, penalty for such sex included massive penalties like shotgun wedding. But now, feminists have freed them from that shackles. So many men do not even see the point of getting married. Since the two most important things they got out of marriage – sex and children are now not a guarantee for them. Wife can legally deny them sex, the whole marital rape issue, and can legally take their children away from them in the courts in a divorce, which is increasingly initiated by them. Of course, women are increasingly initiating the divorces because when they do decide to settle in their 30s, all the good men were either already snatched by the intelligent conservative women who were still in their 20s and hence they are left to contend with leftover men, who they might never have even dated in their prime and hence become increasingly resentful towards after marriage.

    Of course, women initiating majority of the divorces in a society where 50% of the marriages end in divorces meant that many men opt out of marriages even more there giving rise to the growth of MGTOW, or Men Going Their Own Way. These are men who have decided to opt out of anything to do with women outside of work and sex and would never become committed or marry. Given their options in the west, is it any wonder that this group is on the rise? Some of them even hail feminism for liberating men from their duties towards societies and family and instead allowing them to work for themselves and enjoy life with complete hedonism.

    As any astute observer might notice, all of these problems are inter-related and it is all one leading up to another. The problems in the west started with the sexual revolution of the 1970s and the little cultural capital they had left was consumed up in the very next generation. Now their societies are in profound decay with their marriage rates plummeting. In fact, the problem has forced the government of UK to create massive incentives for creating and maintaining families, like giving two parent families tax breaks. The societal implications aside, what was the result of this supposed liberation of women on the psych and well being of women and men? Men for the large part were not actually affected by this social change. The men of today are not any worse off than men of the 1930s or 40s as they have substituted sex and family by porn and video games. Their happiness levels have remained the same today as it was back then. But as often pointed out in YP, women have become miserable as time went on. All the supposedly “women” liberating ideas of feminism and progressivism have only made the women miserable.

    The question is, is Indian society willing to take a known poison willingly, if that poison gets labelled “Deva Prasadam”? Because this is how the premarital sex is being sold to Indian society as being women’s right and liberation of women. Even the most basic scrutiny of this poisonous idea would have shown that premarital sex is not a women’s right issue as the most significant beneficiary of the liberalisation of sex is men as men are the ones who are always looking for more sexual partners and sexual acts. Seeing the response of the urbanised, anglicised Indian women on twitter who responded to the issue, it looks they are indeed willing to or have already consumed the poison. The irony is that most of these women who defend this nonsense on twitter are well past their prime and are unlikely to find someone they think they deserve or they could have gotten when they were younger and had not wasted their youth on meaningless sex on the advice of feminist poison of career before family or meaningless sex being awesome. One has to wonder if these women are miserable inside and hence want other young Indian women to become sluts like they themselves are so that they themselves have company in their misery. Notice that men have benefits from both normalised premarital sex as seen by the emergence of PUAs and never married happy hippy men of the West as well as the traditionalist strict marital code societies of India as complained by feminists and liberals. But women have a lot to lose in a society where premarital sex is the norm if west is any indication. The anglicised urban Indian ladies should ask themselves if they would rather have a stable family like their mothers and grandmothers or the cat piss soaked single ladies of the west in their 30/40s, all for having few more sex partners, not necessarily more sex.

    Not to forget, this does not mean Indian men should turn into PUA and MGTOWs as these men are hurting their pitRs by failing to procreate and provide for their children and building good society. The western society having turned against its men has not left any avenue for their men to behave responsibly and care for future generation. So, although PUAs might be happy in short run and enjoy hedonism while their societies burn, the death warrant of their future generations is already signed. This is another reason why India should tread carefully before its men decide to completely give up on future generation and fall into hedonism.

    Abortion as Women’s right issue:

    This is again a spurious argument. Abortion is not a women’s right issue any more than right to kill an infant is a women’s right issue. No body, in their right mind (or semi lunatic mind like the liberals) thinks that “muh child, muh right” as an argument to kill infants, they cannot take care of. Their right to decide on the life of the foetus ended when they decided not to take any precautions before their sexual act or ignored the risks associated with free sex (even safest contraceptions have some 1-2% failure rate). They have the right to use contraceptives, but that is not an excuse to kill the foetus. Unless the woman’s health is in direct danger from the foetus, in which case inaction on the part of society will kill the mother, there is no moral justification for killing the foetus.

    Laws vs Societal Norms:

    Many people who are against abortion think that changing abortion laws will fix this mess. It wont and it cant. For example, the single mother rate in anti-abortion Ireland is about 25%, less than the American figure of 50% but still is very high compared to single mother rate in present day, non-anglicised, non-mentally enslaved India i.e. 1%. This is a much more widespread societal problem and has to be advanced through social change and change in consciousness. But laws do play a role. There is a reason why the single mother rate in Ireland is only 25% as against the 50% rate of USA. A law which legalises what is immoral today, will become moral tomorrow since law will change the attitude of the society to it over time. This is why majority of our mothers and grandmothers would have seen abortion as an evil thing to do while majority of future anglicised culturally enslaved Indian women of today think abortion is a “muh rights” issue. If Government legalises murder of infants who cannot be fed today for economic reasons on “pragmatic grounds”, like how these animals view it, then in two generations questioning the killing of infants will evoke the same response from then young ones of the society who would have been brought up normalised to infanticide.

    Fake CultureVeers and Indian Exceptionalism:

    To make these matters worse, there are CultureVeers who think that these issues are real and yet think nothing needs to be done and that Indian society will survive this without any effort. That is when pointed out that India will become a middle income third world shit hole like Mexico ,Brazil or Romania, they will claim that uniqueness and oldness of deep rooted Indian culture will protect them from social rot which comes with liberalism and feminism. They are the cultural counter part of the “we survived Abrahamic assault for 1000 years and hence nothing will happen to us” type, i.e. the morons who forget that the very survival of our civilization required the blood and sacrifice of our countless number of ancestors. Their idea of anything goes will not help India or anybody except to serve as an excuse for these things for being lazy,hiding behind the myth of Indian Exceptionalism. India wont be a shit hole today if Indian exceptionalism is indeed true. Our family institutions are what kept us from turning into North Africa and these people want to take even that away. Preventing the demise of Indian society depends on whether or not we Indians learn from the mistakes of the decadent west and how much sacrifice we Indians are willing to make. Question is- are we ready to sacrifice and learn? If not, then there is no point in talking about Hindu civilisation and culture as there wont be anything left of it at the end of liberalism, just like how Christianity is all but dead in western societies.

  • Are you a Hindu Atheist? God have mercy on you

    Are you a Hindu Atheist? God have mercy on you

    With the rise of atheists in secular societies, an important question is: should atheists read theology?

    If you are a knowledge seeker, but have intentionally shunted out reading of theology due to being an atheist, I would definitely recommend reviewing such a decision. I’ve seen voracious readers say, “I’ve read so many books, what’s next? There are no more good books in my wish list, but don’t recommend theology because I am an atheist.” Read it; you will thank me later. It is analogous to travelling the world to get more perspectives. Just like travelling to Vietnam doesn’t make you Vietnamese, reading theology does not make you religious. In fact, if you are into the study of patterns, you will like these concepts. It will definitely feel like taking the brain to the gym, and it will positively impact your performance in other walks of life.

    I don’t believe in one “personal god”, so that makes me an atheist, but I still believe that the “idea of religion” is a worthy human pursuit. When humans encountered things that were deterministic, they put them in science books, and when they encountered something abstract and philosophical, they put it in theological books. Every civilization has tried to approach this question of existence in its own way and in that process they “figured out” something and penned down their thoughts in such a way that the benefits of that high philosophy could trickle down to the masses without having to do deep study, hence the regimented prayer timings and other ceremonies. Religion is a culture’s answer to the philosophical questions that man faces. It’s literally an encyclopedia written by our ancestors while trying to juggle with the nature of existence. In that sense, I would give some credit to every religion for attempting to explain it in its own way. In addition to the metaphysical aspects, the Abrahamic religions have a political aspect of materialistic self-preservation and propagation that makes these religions lethal towards other groups, unlike Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, which are pure theologies and have pure philosophy (Shruti) and separated political aspects, like in Chanakya Neeti and Manu Smriti. What makes Hinduism even better is that it is a crowdsourced repository of information which keeps getting edited with new data every time our civilization progresses.

    I remember Subramanian Swamy saying Hindus congregate at festivals like Kumbh, but they don’t realize that the real benefit of congregation is to create a sense of unity and show the strength of our civilization, and whatever spiritual benefit you get is just a trickle-down effect. It’s not because the rivers, gods and temples emanate magic that you go there; you go there to represent yourself as a part of a large civilization. One for all and all for one.

    Doval has said, “Old religion used to say, if you don’t believe in God, you are an atheist; new religion says, if you don’t believe in yourself, you are an atheist.” Understand the deeper meaning of this on a practical level. You are an individual, you have individual interests. You are also a part of a group and you have collective interests. The bigger the group, the stronger position it has in any negotiation, the stronger it is, the more dividends it yields for the group, and by proxy, the more dividends trickle down to you as an individual. Even if you are an atheist, your individual interests are intertwined with how well the group does. No matter how loudly you scream that you are an atheist, when you are walking in a Muslim locality, for them, you are just another kafir and you will be given the same treatment that is meted out to other Hindus. In that case, you don’t have a choice of stepping out. Now that you are sure that you will anyway be made to pay the price of being part of a group, then why not make sure you also gain the dividends of being a part of that group? The group becomes stronger when you are a part of it, and you become stronger when you are a part of the group; this might in fact reduce the chances of you facing attrition in the first place. Being an atheist is the worst bargain you can make for yourself. You get all the cons of being a kafir and no pros. No matter whether you are atheist or not, you have to foot the bill. If you are a practical atheist who believes in hard logic, then I hope you see how bad this logic of atheism is. When you say that you are an atheist, you aren’t really signing yourself out of the group, you are only signing out of the benefits of the group.

    Even if you don’t want to go to temples and chant prayers, go to Kumbh, Akshardham, Jagannath Puri and witness your civilization alive and ticking. Don’t chant mantras but do read high philosophy. It will definitely make you a better person. Don’t confuse deterministic science with indeterminate philosophy. When existential crisis hits, even the best of scientists commit suicide. Both science and philosophy have a place in Hinduism. You need both to live a wholesome life. Atheism is for those Abrahamic religions which have a history of persecution of scientists by the Church and clergy. Hinduism never antagonized science; it has always assimilated it.

    Image Source:
    http://s3.amazonaws.com/theoatmeal-img/thumbnails/atheism_big.png

  • Evolutionary banter about pre-marital sex, stress and divorce

    Evolutionary banter about pre-marital sex, stress and divorce

    Brothelwood has always taken upon itself to promote degeneracy and the open promotion of promiscuity and one night stands is the natural step forward for such an organization. The new movie Befikre will be just another addition to the long list of movies made to hollow out the remaining cultural norms of an already decaying civilization.

    So what made premarital sex such a taboo in the civilized world?

    Premarital sex is very harmful in pair bonding and leads to unhappiness and divorce. It does affect men and women differently though. The divorce risk goes up for every partner that a women has ever had. The below figure is reported from a survey on American women and it can be easily seen that divorce rate goes up from around 5/7% for women with zero partners before marriage to almost 35% as they reach 10+ partners. (Funny part- The study is named counter intuitive trends in the link between pre-marital sex and divorce rate! Well it was never counter intuitive for civilizations of the past.)
    The above trend also holds true for happiness and not just for marriage. Women with more number of sexual partners also report lower happiness. Similar studies are well documented around the internet and are frequent point of talk among the western red pilled men. While the men do not show similar decrease in happiness or increased divorce risk as compared to women, there are negative impacts on men as well. The negative impact on men usually comes in the form of handling breakups. Men often seem stoic and indifferent but relationship breakup hits them harder. So, the consequences for men appear more devastative in the short term, which are nevertheless important and should not be ignored. Actually men face higher chance of falling into depression and substance abuse post divorce as reported here and here. Let us add the third fact here- Women initiate almost 70% of all divorces.

    Although the psychologists can give varied answers (or non answers) to the above, but digging into evolutionary biology can give insight into all these puzzles. Lets highlight some evolutionary facts-

    1. 20% of men ever passed their genes compared to 80% women, so average female have been biologically more successful than average male. See here and here.
    Recent evidence for male deaths in different tribes

    1. At the end of wars, while adult males were killed, women were taken as prisoners of war
    1. Women’s sexual market value decrease as they age (decreased beauty, reproductive value), while it is reverse for men as they get richer and powerful

    So, how does it all fit together to cause decreased happiness for women (with large number of sexual partners) in the long run? While at the same time causing depression among men after breakups and divorces. Point 1, goes towards showing that women are the more valuable of the two sexes due to their contribution to the formation of next generation. So a few top tier men are sufficient for mating with most of the women. This had been true for most of human history before society became more egalitarian and monogamy was enforced in one way or the other. But this imbalance still shows up in modern law and social sciences, as otherwise there is no reason to fund very few studies on problems faced by divorced men. To give example from Bharat, there is almost no media coverage on abuse of laws like 498a against men, further enforcing the viewpoint that eggs are expensive while sperms are cheap.

    Point 2 is important to understand the docile nature of women as compared to men. Since women were often captured in wars due to their reproductive value for the invading tribe, they escaped the fate of men from the losing tribe as the latter were almost always killed. The women who easily forgot their native tribe and surrendered to the dominance of new tribe had an easy time surviving while those who were steadfast in defending their native tribe would have had difficult time in surviving. Either they would have been killed for making too much nuisance or they might have killed themselves due to emotional pressure. This essentially means that current females are selected from the set of docile females, who were able to switch their loyalty. Men on the other hand survived only if they fought well and dominated their enemies.

    Point 3 is very difficult to swallow for many people and they would come up with all kinds of explanations to refute it. There are other qualities in women that men would look up before marrying but youthfulness is one of the most important ones. This can be seen in the study done on data from the dating website called OKCupid. Read here.
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    Men’s age is on the vertical axis, while women on horizontal. The pink numbers represent preferred age of women.

    Results from this study show that 20 or 21 old girls are preferred by men of all ages. The above graph also overlays the top two quartiles (25%) of ratings given by men, shown in dark and light pink i.e. the top 50% of ratings. You can see young women (below 27) capture the top 25% ratings. To quote the author-

    the male pattern runs much deeper than just a preference for 20-year-olds. And after he hits thirty, the latter half of our age range (that is, women over 35) might as well not exist. Younger is better, and youngest is best of all, and if “over the hill” means the beginning of a person’s decline, a straight woman is over the hill as soon as she’s old enough to drink.

    Of course, one can come up with few counter examples here and there but that do not change evolutionary facts that reproductive value drive male choice for younger females. On the other hand women almost prefer men of their own age.

    Now let’s put together these evolutionary facts together to explain the unhappiness of women, stress in divorced men and high divorce rate initiated by women. The unhappiness of women and divorce are closely related. Since women lose their sexual market value over time, it means over time the quality of males they attract goes down due to competition from younger females. Since premarital sex is no longer a taboo and marriages are often delayed, this essentially means that girls start having sexual encounters from an early age up until they get married. Somewhere around 24-25 years a girl might have best chance of getting married given optimal financial stability and fertility at this age, but from 25 onwards increased financial ability cannot compensate for ageing.

    So as a woman ages, she has to increasingly settle down for a lower quality mate than her previous encounters. This results in unhappiness later in life due to previous experiments (mistakes) and lost chances of settling down. The disenchantment naturally goes up with the number of sexual partners as it further delays the marriage as well as increase the baseline expectation of mate value (due to more experiment) to compare the present mate with. This is nothing but reflection of The Paradox of Choice, arising due to negative emotions arising from missed opportunities.

    Men on the other hand do not face similar problem as women. Men’s attractiveness to women comes primarily from their status as a provider, which essentially means how rich and powerful they are. Although, there are other factors but a 30 year old male is usually richer and does not lose mate value as fast as women. So, large number of sexual encounters for men do not translate directly into negative emotions from missed opportunities later in life as there are no missed opportunities since the quality of mates they attract actually goes up as they age. But there is another significant factor at play here. Go back to point 1 in evolutionary facts i.e. only 20% of males ever passed on their genes. In a free sexual market, it is the top males (alpha) who corner a large and significant part of this market. This can be seen from the study on American individuals as reported in the table below.

    a1

    While a lot of women lie in the middle range, it is top 33% men who have large number of sexual encounters which accounts for more sexual partners than the bottom 67% together. So, in a free sexual market, a large percentage of men would not have any experience to look back upon and face the same missed opportunity conundrum as faced by an average women or if they have experience it would improve over time before their sexual market value slowly fades away.

    But what explains the presence of post divorce/breakup stress among men? Go back to point 2 and culling of men during wars. Evolutionarily, men hardly ever survived the loss of their female partners. It was men who were sent to die in wars or engaged in hazardous activities. This is reflected even today by lower life expectancy for males due to their engagement in hard labour industries. Add to it the above point 2 on survival of women after being captured by enemy. While today’s females are descendants of the survivors of past females, who learnt to suppress their emotions of death of kith and kin and accepted dominance of new tribe, men were almost always killed or failed to pass on their genes. So, men did not learn to suppress their emotion that arises from loss of a partner. While men did grow out of love of an old partner but it was never about snapping of ties at the drop of a hat. This explains why so many men take to substance abuse or contemplate suicides post failed relationships. The same stress can be spotted even among men who lose their wives and are less able to deal with the loss of spouse. This lack of evolutionary experience in dealing with spouse loss also explains how stable marriages help men.

    This brings us to the last part of the puzzle- why women initiate more divorce than men? The same reason which explain post divorce stress among men, also explains why men file substantially lesser number of divorces than women. Looking again at points 2 and 3 of our evolutionary facts explains choice of women. Since women have been selected for bearing emotional loss of their mate, they are better prepared evolutionarily to handle post breakup problems and deal with their emotions. Coupled with the explanation for large sexual number of partners leading to unhappiness due to The Paradox of Choice, modern women are unhappy in their marriages. Since, they are unhappy and are better adapt at handling fallout of emotional stress post divorce, they go ahead with the decision. But since their Sexual market value keeps falling with age, they fail to attract higher value mate and get caught in the vicious cycle of regret spell due to missed opportunities.

    A smart society with strong cultural norms understands how evolutionary algorithms can ruin the happiness of men and women unless society puts some checks and balances on the lizard brain. The decay of west should be a wake up call to all sane societies. Question is- will Bharat rise to this challenge and stop the spread of degeneracy being served right into their living rooms under the grab of liberalism and modernity by Bollywood?

  • A discussion on Marriage

    A discussion on Marriage

    The following discussion looks at the institution of marriage from Hindu perspective and what each party gains from the institution. Since this institution developed independently across all societies, marriage should serve some teleological function.

    D:

    Regarding this modern woman problem, the issue is the halo attached to this thing called ‘career’. This is originally a Protestant idea where routine work came to be seen as service to god. In the ancient texts we read that duty of men was to bring wealth and glory to the family. Women were care-givers for the family. Both worked for the family in their different capacities. But ‘career’ is for oneself. Once men get hooked on it, it is unfair to expect women to remain care-givers for the family. If salvation for men lies in building careers for themselves, the same will be demanded by women as well. I see men as the root of the problem here. They have switched from being ‘settler’ to ‘hunter’. Women merely emulate men in whatever they do.

    DF:

    So much of the modern world can be traced back to Protestantism.

    PT:

    DF the primary motivations under Protestantism is also the same, but protestantism spins it into work is worship. That’s the point. The primary motivation is always the same because humans are all the same animals fundamentally. The religions shape our baser instincts into something greater. Counter religions just do a shoddy job of it IMHO.

    AS:

    Within the confines of religion, counter religions sacralize primal instincts of man. For example, Islam grants four wives to men along with infinite number of sex slaves. It incentivizes aggression against a perceived ‘enemy’. So naturally, anyone choosing Islam is not maladaptive as far as base instincts are considered evolutionarily. The women on the other hand have a steady supply of good number of alpha men. Men who are polygamous and ever ready for war. Where Counter-religions fail is at building civilization. The costs of polygamy and being in war always within or without makes them incapable of building civilization.

    Also as far as women participation in the industrialized work force is concerned I would blame that on not only ‘feminism’ but also viewing women as primarily economic beings. This erodes the inherent value they come with- which is giving birth. Consequently, the relation between working women of today and their low TFR makes eminent sense.

    About ‘Sex’ being the primary motivation for men to marry. I think this whole approach is wrong from a Hindu perspective. Creating dichotomies between sex, procreation, filial piety, etc. is wrong. I have seen numerous Hindu couples who have got married without consummating the marriage.

    YP:

    Good point AS. Islam is a war machine and is used to gain new territory, but once in peace it cannot build civilization unless it gives up its Islamic core.

    AS:

    Their aim is not to bring order which civilization brings and with that progress. That is why they are unmattas.

    DF:

    Procreation and sex being divorced is very much a post-contraceptive development.

    AS:

    Due to degeneracy or for that even the way marriage was conceptualized in the Judeo-Abrahamic traditions. Sex is often seen as the primary motivation of marriage. It is a very good incentive, no doubt. And biologically perhaps the single biggest motivation for men to marry. Women of course have their own motivations to marry. But we are I feel not analysing the role of Religion and culture in bringing about marriages. Religion as PT pointed out curbs the primal urges to bring about a modicum of order. And we cannot discount that. DF, contraception is just an excuse. The larger forces at play is progressivism. Islamic societies still do allow free sex.

    YP:

    Successful easily available contraception is not an excuse. But you can say putting condom machine at every corner is definitely a choice by state.

    DF:

    Of course, but contraception is a dysgenic technology which has altered our understanding of sex/reproduction/marriage.

    AS:

    Granted. But who or what incentivizes the use of contraceptives? What I am trying to say is contraception is just a tool.

    DF:

    Liberal democratic state 🙂

    AS:

    Yes.

    DF:

    I’m making an entirely different point though.

    AS:

    Yes DF I got your point.

    PT:

    My point in saying sex is the primary motivation of men to marry is the base instinct. Why else marry, if you can simply sleep with whoever you want? And we can see that once women started sleeping around in the West and there was easy access to sex through these women plus porn, men have stopped marrying. It has nothing to do with the Hindu perspective, rather I’m hypothesizing about the fundamental reason marriage existed at all in all societies everywhere.

    YP:

    Historically speaking marriage was a way to get alliance and resources as well. But yes, in the end resource acquisition too boils down to value in sexual market. Cannot close eyes to its primacy.

    PT:

    Well let’s say there’s no marriage at all, then no one inherits any property right? Along with the institution of marriage Svetaketu also instituted property rights. So inheritance/alliance/resources pre-Svetaketu didn’t exist?

    YP:

    They must have existed in some form.

    PT:

    Well not property rights but inheritance laws. See here’s what I’m trying to figure out. Why marriage? What does a man gain out of marriage, similarly what does a woman?

    AS:

    PT- why would men marry if they get free sex like in the West? It used to be the case pre-Svetaketu. Of course, no one here is saying that sex is not one of the motivations of marriage. But there are other elements to marriage which the elders and wise understood and hence imposed upon the philandering men and women. Religion/Culture played a crucial motivational role.

    YP:

    I did not say sex does not play a role. It is primary market. Even other resources help in the same market. So thinking that it does not matter is foolhardy for Hindus.

    SV:

    The primary beneficiary of marriage (or similar agreement as in animal) is female in keeping the male bound as female is the known parent and the one that knows the male parent of offspring. Male’s motivation is two-fold: its fiefdom without which its existence is meaningless, and its possession of female (which again is twofold, mating and ownership).

    AS:

    Yes, what I am saying is along what YP is saying I guess.

    PT:

    Fiefdom in what SV? Isn’t ownership of the female the same as mating rights? Else ownership in what sense? I know the motivation for women. It is to have a protector, resources. Men I still don’t fully grasp.

    YP:

    Beta men gain by marriage! Weaker men have fitness incentive to not sow the oats everywhere but use one partner and see that his genes get passed on.

    AS:

    SV- in keeping the male bound, does the Female also possess the man?

    SV:

    Not just mating – the region it owns and rules, the food that the female gets, the protection of offspring, holding the sense of unit (pride or clan or family) etc.

    PT:

    Yes, YP I know that. One way I look at marriage is that it exists only to restrain alphas and enable betas to lead fulfilling lives.

    SV:

    Female possesses the male too, but I guess it is not of the same nature. Say for instance Sita tells Hanuman she does not know whether Rama’s affection for her is more or his ego of owning her.

    PT:

    AS if you look at the data on how marriage causally reduces crime it’s because the woman controls the finances as well as persuades the man not to indulge in risk taking behaviour.

    SV:

    After all things of nature apply to both genders but to varying degrees.

    PT:

    The civilizing aspect of marriage is because women control men within marriage and because men have duty to women. Simply being married in itself restricts a man’s liberty.

    AS:

    PT, yes aware of that. SV, interesting.

    SV:

    Call it restriction of liberty or finding a means of fulfilment through family 🙂

    PT:

    All limiting of that kind of liberty is good according to me so I use it interchangeably.

    AS:

    In a marriage, therefore, the man gives away his liberty, in exchange of ‘fiefdom’. I get it now.

    PT:

    Men probably gain much more than women in marriage else women wouldn’t initiate divorces.

    AS:

    So we both understand the teleos of marriage and how it is beneficial from a man as well as women’s perspective.

    YP:

    Not true PT. Women now marry the social security. Women would have cheated even in the past or would have had dalliances but they would not get divorce, just because state would not fund them.

    SV:

    I guess women initiate divorces because they stop thinking like women (except in extreme cases of course).

    YP:

    The institution of marriage has changed over time, giving more power to women both in and outside the marriage. If you give progeny to the male, divorce would again fall. But in the west 80-90% times they get child custody.

    AS:

    Yes, laws are destroying civilization.

    Good point YP.

    YP:

    Divorce is a function of incentives. So you can say modern marriage don’t offer much to the women (in the west). Not so much true in Asia yet.

    AS:

    Interesting to note how the institution of marriage has changed based on progressive legislations.

    SV:

    Modern marriage is no marriage at all. It is a joke – sleep around for years and get married just like that and then separate when you want.

    AS:

    I am with the classical liberals here when they say that the state should have no role in passing out marriage certificates. If you stop that much of the stresses on modern marriage would go.

    PT:

    Right that makes sense, YP.

    AS:

    Let the ownership of marriage return to the society.

    Discussants- AS- @Abhra Sarkar, D- @Damanaka, PT- @PaganTrad, SV- @SkandaVeera, YP- @YugaParivartan

    Image Source:

    https://partycruiserevents.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/homa_agni.jpg

  • Addendum: The biggest losers in a feminazi world

    Addendum: The biggest losers in a feminazi world

    This is further addition to the last article on same topic. This time we concern ourselves with the winners of this new feminist world. The last articles focussed on the impact on different classes of men/women in the society, but more can be said about other groups. The other winners are-

    1. Corporates: Apart from sexual winners, if one thinks about economics then the corporates win. The reason they started to let women work is because they were falling short of laborers during the world war. The feminist social doctrine that evolved was just an extension of this economic model. Not letting women work means 50% of capable labor force remains unproductive. Instead, if they are made to work, the production goes up and need to import migrant labor goes down. There are more buyers for all sorts of products and local economy goes up.

    Now the attack on biological aspects of womanhood is a further extension of this economic agenda. If she is stuck in traditional gender roles then their economy is hurt, so they are trying to take away the femininity of the woman away and trying to brainwash all women into thinking that they are a “resource”, like a good HR would label them. Women have started buying this definition too and just like men, they have started attaching their self worth to how much they earn.

    In the west, this is somewhat okay because it increases productivity but in India young women have started a new doctrine of their own, they want the good points of the western doctrine but don’t want to let go of the traditional benefits of “patriarchy”. For example a girl earning the typical 3.5 Lakhs Per Annum from one of the top 4 mass recruiting IT firms now wants her potential husband to earn at least 12 LPA. So she is trying to play the realpolitik game and make the best of both doctrines and squeeze benefits for herself. Although western women too display hypergamy but not at the same level as their Indian counterparts. If one goes around barking about being an independent woman who is not dependent on any man to sustain herself, why not marry a low earning artist, or a plumber or a carpenter? Why 3X salary requirement from the husband? Where’s the feminism now? Why claim maintenance money after divorce? Why claim custody of children by default of being a “mother”?

    1. Government: No one can forget the second beast in the room which is the government itself. It has all the reasons to make corporate slaves out of women. More labor means more tax and more tax means more spending on welfare. The increased and non-stop growth in the size of bureaucracy means that the government needs an ever expanding size of labor force to balance budget. Now having run out of women, the same western governments are not shying away from importing foreign migrants to shore up their finances in the future.

    The government bureaucrats and politicians not only draw power from increased spending power delivered through increased revenue but it also gives them immense power to interfere in public sphere. Large number of propaganda programs can be rolled out to change mindsets and thus favours can be curried to the select few through media and academia. Different gender issues which were earlier monitored and improved by civil society now require explicit government interventions, which means more redundant jobs created by the government.

    We leave the reader to dig deeper into this issue but look at the kind of studies funded by taxpayer’s money as shown below. If they are not outrightly ridiculous, then one would wonder what is:

    Gender scholar asks 55 women if there’s a link between being a woman and having a vagina.

    If you want to think in Indian context, then think about abuse of 498A. An incoherent law has been imposed on the society which has led to destruction of families through rampant misuse, but the vested interests do not want to let it go. And who are the vested interests in this case? Feminist groups and law fraternity. These two groups hardly want to budge back on this issue, even though greater than 90% of the cases don’t get any conviction and half of the victims are themselves women. So once a law is enacted, it is almost impossible to backtrack on it. The one way street of feminism allows no U-turns.

    As one can by now see, the feminist ideology gives enough reasons for the above two classes to implement these policies even more zealously. So next time when you see a government funded program in favour of altering social norms, you would understand why.

  • The biggest losers in a feminazi world

    The biggest losers in a feminazi world

    Who are the biggest losers in an increasingly feminist world? WOMEN! But there are different shades of losers and some lose more than others. The losers are listed below in decreasing order of significance:

    1. Children– They are the biggest losers in a feminist dominated society. How does the children lose in such a society? Children lose because they are forced to grow in single parent households and sacrificed at the altar of protecting individual whims and fancies over the future generation. No fault divorce coupled with high alimony payments ensure that women have almost no incentives to maintain a healthy marital bond. Although, feminists will argue that women are not responsible for divorce but almost 80% of divorce are initiated by women!

    This problem is further exacerbated by delayed marriages and out of wedlock births. #MyLifeMyChoice type of arguments have removed the taboo from pre-marital sex as well as out of wedlock births. All this means that paternal investment in kids has gone down and the laws have left no incentive for fathers to invest in their offsprings.

    Sexual abuse of children increases in broken families

    If sexual abuse can be taken as a metric of exploitation, then kids are at the receiving end of all the abuse in broken families. The chances of a child getting abused in a broken family is several times higher than the case when a child lives with his/her biological parents. Another metric that can be employed is school performance of kids with absentee fathers. Broad survey of research shows that absentee fathers have a negative impact on school performance of kids. The article states:

    We find strong evidence that father absence negatively affects children’s social-emotional development, particularly by increasing externalizing behavior. These effects may be more pronounced if father absence occurs during early childhood than during middle childhood, and they may be more pronounced for boys than for girls. There is weaker evidence of an effect of father absence on children’s cognitive ability.

    Effects on social-emotional development persist into adolescence, for which we find strong evidence that father absence increases adolescents’ risky behavior, such as smoking or early childbearing. The evidence of an effect on adolescent cognitive ability continues to be weaker, but we do find strong and consistent negative effects of father absence on high school graduation. The latter finding suggests that the effects on educational attainment operate by increasing problem behaviors rather than by impairing cognitive ability.

    So laws that lead to broken families in turn harm future of children. And there should be no doubt in anyone’s mind that the primary goal of many feminists is destruction of family which in turn can be interpreted as destruction of childhood. The failure of blacks in American society can be traced back to broken homes and large number of out of wedlock births and absence of fathers in African-American society.

    1. Lower class females– The second biggest losers in a feminized setting are lower class women. Although high class women also end up as cat ladies due to feminist indoctrination and male hate but the biggest casualty is borne by lower class females. They lose out by bearing the feminist assault on family structure. While high class women preach feminism to their lower class sisters, they themselves are much less likely to divorce as compared to low class women. The study by Isen and Stevenson gives details on education attainment and divorce rates.

    Three things become immediately clear from the above data for US. Firstly, the rate of divorce has increased since 1950s for all classes (both race and sex). Secondly, the rate of divorce has strictly been higher for high educated females. Thirdly, percentage of divorce for blacks has been higher than whites. Since education and gender both determine an individual’s class in US, it is more than abundantly clear that lower class females have been on the receiving end of new legislations.

    Not only the richer females are less likely to divorce but they also end up with high alimony settlements and a comfortable lifestyle while their poorer sisters are left out in the wild without a mate plus dependent on welfare state given low/negligible alimony payments. At the same time, while the richer women still have the option to opt out of work in case of a divorce (or even within a marriage), the lower class women have no option to opt out of workforce and have to almost always support themselves and their children, often living life on subsistence, while flipping burgers in McD. The problems of black families are increased many fold due to the breakdown of their family institution and hence black women are even bigger losers.

    1. Lower class males– The lower class males lose due to decrease in their SMV and decrease in chances of landing up with a mate. Since women display hypergamy and have also increasingly joined the workforce, the role of lower class males as bread earners has diminished and they now have almost no utility for the modern female. If a women is unable to find a job she has nanny state to help her live on. Thus, most males on the lowest level of social pyramid find it almost impossible to attract any female.

    Also breakdown of social taboos on sexual relationships means that women are free to pursue alpha males leaving the betas of the old alone and lonely. Such men only have chance of ending up with an old female once she is past her prime fertile age and does not any longer have better options. Since society does not put any pressure on their youth to get married early, an entire generation of low value men are restricted to their parent’s basement and increasingly pursue other hobbies to hide their failure at attracting women. This is reflected in the coinage of terms like herbivore men in Japan and MGTOWs in the west.

    Whether the external impulses like porn, video games etc are able to compensate for life long partnership with women for these men is yet to be seen, but low SMV men are increasingly opting out of the society.

    1. Super high class women– These are the women at the top of the pyramid and are unable to find men who can overcompensate their value. Feminism has brainwashed entire generation of women and has de-emphasized the value of maternity and children. Women who are increasingly successful in corporate careers find it increasingly difficult to find potential mates who are better than them. While successful men have no problem in marrying down and settling for a less value women, female hypergamy ensures that highly successful women end up alone.

    Another factor which hurt these women is the blind pursual of career over family, thus forcing them to waste their best fertile years as corporate slaves. By the time they realize their folly, they are well past their prime age to attract high value men, who are interested in other younger women. The same women then shout at men to man up.

    While few women might be happy with being corporate slaves but many end up bitter in their old lives by giving up on timely maternity. Although marriage is not important for having children but the mad race for jumping corporate hoops ensure that successful corporate women delay child bearing to win cut-throat competition. While these women might bed best males during their small fertile youthful period, their value decreases exponentially with age, thus making them resentful later on in life due to male rejection. The rise of the cat ladies to douse the maternal instincts is a modern phenomenon, thanks to the propaganda against motherhood by feminazis.

    Who wins?

    Not everyone loses in such a society! The winners are high SMV men who get unbridled supply of young emancipated women ready to sleep with them without the burden of marriage. Although any male with an interest in family has to act over-cautious in such a society but if the idea is to be a philanderer than no society offers better options for a high SMV men. In case these men decide to tie the knot, since educated women have lower divorce rates, it also means they do not get a raw deal like their poorer counterparts. It is an almost win-win situation for them in each case. Just to emphasize, these men lose the most in a patriarchal society due to reduced access to prime fertile women and have almost all the reasons to support feminazi agenda.

    The question now is- where does India want to end up with its increasingly anti-family legislation?